文章目录
介词作用介词的分类结构形式分类1. 简单介词 (Simple Prepositions)2. 合成/复合介词 (Compound Prepositions)3. 双重介词 (Double Prepositions)4. 短语介词 (Phrasal Prepositions)5. 分词介词 (Participle Prepositions)
功能意义分类1. 表示时间 (Time)2. 表示地点/位置 (Place/Position)3: 表示方向/运动 (Direction/Movement)4: 表示方式、方法、工具 (Manner, Method, Instrument)5: 表示原因、目的 (Cause, Purpose)6: 表示其他关系 (Other Relations)
介词的用法1.方向和运动介词2.位置和地点介词3.时间介词4.方式和手段介词5.原因、目的和伴随关系介词
介词与其他词类的区别介词 vs. 副词介词 vs. 连词
介词作用
介词（Preposition）其实就是媒介、中介的意思。它是用来表示名词、代词或短语与句子其他部分的关系的词。也被称为胶水词，将句子中的其他成分连接在一起。
常见的关系包括方向、时间、地点、方式、原因、对象等。介词不能单独使用，通常与其后的名词或代词构成介词短语。
介词的分类
结构形式分类
1. 简单介词 (Simple Prepositions)
介词中文释义示例例句at在；在…时刻at home, at 5 pmShe is waiting at the station.（她正在车站等候。）in在…里面；在…期间in the room, in summerThe cat is in the box.（猫在盒子里。）on在…上面；在…某天on the table, on MondayThe book is on the desk.（书在桌子上。）by通过；在…旁边by car, by the riverHe traveled by train.（他乘火车旅行。）for为了；持续…时间for you, for two hoursThis gift is for you.（这份礼物是给你的。）from来自；从…时间起from China, from MondayI am from Canada.（我来自加拿大。）of…的；属于the roof of the houseThe color of the sky is blue.（天空的颜色是蓝色的。）to到；向；给go to school, to meGive it to me.（把它给我。）with用；和…一起with a pen, with friendsHe wrote with a pencil.（他用铅笔写字。）under在…下面under the bedThe ball rolled under the sofa.（球滚到沙发下面了。）
2. 合成/复合介词 (Compound Prepositions)
介词中文释义示例例句into进入；到…里面into the roomHe walked into the building.（他走进了大楼。）onto到…之上；向…上onto the stageThe cat jumped onto the chair.（猫跳上了椅子。）upon在…之上；一…就…once upon a timeThe decision is upon us.（这个决定即将到来。）within在…之内；不超过within the cityFinish the task within an hour.（在一小时内完成任务。）without没有；不带without sugarI can’t live without music.（没有音乐我无法生活。）throughout遍及；贯穿throughout the worldIt rained throughout the night.（整夜都在下雨。）inside在…里面inside the houseThe key is inside the drawer.（钥匙在抽屉里。）outside在…外面outside the doorThey are playing outside.（他们正在外面玩。）
3. 双重介词 (Double Prepositions)
介词短语中文释义示例例句out of从…里出来；离开out of the carShe got out of the taxi.（她下了出租车。）from behind从…后面from behind the treeA rabbit appeared from behind the bush.（一只兔子从灌木丛后面出现。）from under从…下面from under the bedThe dog came from under the table.（狗从桌子底下钻出来。）from among从…之中from among the crowdHe was chosen from among many applicants.（他从众多申请者中被选中。）until after直到…之后until after dinnerWait until after the meeting.（等到会议结束之后。）
4. 短语介词 (Phrasal Prepositions)
介词短语中文释义例句according to根据According to the forecast, it will rain.because of因为The game was canceled because of the weather.in front of在…前面Park your car in front of the house.in spite of尽管In spite of his injury, he played well.on behalf of代表I am speaking on behalf of my colleagues.with regard to关于With regard to your question, I will reply soon.due to由于The delay was due to heavy traffic.for the sake of为了…起见He quit for the sake of his health.
5. 分词介词 (Participle Prepositions)
介词中文释义例句regarding关于I have a question regarding your invoice.concerning关于The news is concerning the economic situation.considering考虑到Considering his age, he did a great job.including包括The price is $100, including tax.during在…期间She slept during the movie.given考虑到Given the circumstances, we must act now.granted即使Granted that it’s cheap, is it good quality?
功能意义分类
1. 表示时间 (Time)
介词用法中文释义示例at用于钟点、短暂时间点钟点或短暂时间点at 7 o’clock, at noon, at nightin用于月份、年份、季节、世纪、长时段月份、年份、季节、世纪、长时段in May, in 2020, in summer, in the paston用于具体某一天或日期具体某一天或日期on Monday, on my birthday, on Christmas Dayfor表示动作持续一段时间动作持续一段时间for two hours, for a week, for yearssince表示“自…以来”（从过去某点开始）自…以来since yesterday, since 1999, since last weekfrom…to表示“从…到…”从…到…from Monday to Friday, from 9am to 5pmduring表示“在…期间”在…期间during the holiday, during the meeting, during the waruntil/till表示“直到…”直到…until tomorrow, till next week, wait until 5 pm
2. 表示地点/位置 (Place/Position)
介词用法中文释义示例at用于一个具体的点、小地点一个具体的点、小地点at the door, at the bus stop, at the topin在…内部或有界限的空间、大地点内部或有界限的空间、大地点in the room, in the park, in London, in the worldon在…表面上在…表面上on the wall, on the table, on the floor, on the pageabove/over在…上方（不接触）在…上方（不接触）above the clouds, over the bridge, a roof over our headsbelow/under在…下方（不接触/接触）在…下方（不接触或接触）below sea level, under the table, under the bedbetween在两者之间在两者之间between you and me, between two buildingsamong在三者或以上之中在三者或以上之间among the trees, among friends, among the crowdnext to/beside在…旁边在…旁边next to the bank, beside the river, sit beside meopposite在…对面在…对面opposite the bank, opposite the park
3: 表示方向/运动 (Direction/Movement)
介词用法中文释义示例to朝向、目的地朝向、目的地go to school, walk to the park, move to the cityinto进入…内部进入…内部walk into the room, jump into the water, get into the carout of从…出来从…出来get out of the car, walk out of the room, take out of the boxonto到…表面上到…表面上jump onto the stage, get onto the busacross横跨横跨walk across the street, swim across the river, a bridge across the riverthrough穿过内部穿过内部drive through the tunnel, walk through the forest, look through the windowalong沿着沿着walk along the river, drive along the road, houses along the streettowards朝向（某个方向）朝向（某个方向）move towards the light, run towards the finish line, steps towards peace
4: 表示方式、方法、工具 (Manner, Method, Instrument)
介词用法示例by通过某种方式或交通工具by car, by hand, by mistake, by chance, written by Shakespearewith用某种工具或伴随with a pen, with your help, with care, with a smile, cut with a knifewithout没有without money, without permission, without doubt, without sugarin用某种语言、材料、方式in English, in ink, in pencil, in a loud voice, pay in cash
5: 表示原因、目的 (Cause, Purpose)
介词用法示例because of因为because of the rain, because of you, because of his hard workdue to由于due to illness, due to bad weather, cancellation due to rainfor为了for your health, for fun, for a reason, for sale, for dinneron account of由于on account of his age, delayed on account of traffic
6: 表示其他关系 (Other Relations)
介词用法示例of表示所属、材料、内容等the capital of China, a cup of tea, made of wood, a story of adventureabout关于a book about history, talk about business, worried about youlike像…like a hero, looks like his father, something like thatas作为work as a teacher, use as a tool, treat as a friend, as a resultdespite/in spite of尽管despite the rain, in spite of difficulties, despite his fears
介词的用法
1.方向和运动介词
这些介词表示移动的方向，常与动词（如go, come, move等）搭配使用。
介词含义例句to到……She went to the office.into进入……（内部）He walked into the room.onto到……（表面）The cat jumped onto the table.out of从……出来He got out of the car.from从……They came from France.
2.位置和地点介词
表示物体或人所处的位置。
介词含义例句in在……里面The keys are in the drawer.on在……上面There is a book on the table.at在……（具体地点）I will meet you at the station.under在……下面The shoes are under the bed.between在……之间The school is between the park and the library.behind在……后面The car is behind the house.
3.时间介词
表示事件发生的时间。
介词 含义 例句 in 在……（较长时间） We met in 2020. / She was born in July. on 在……（具体日期） He arrived on Monday. at 在……（具体时刻） The train leaves at 7 a.m. since 自从…… They have lived here since 2015. for 持续……时间 We stayed there for two weeks. before 在……之前 Finish the work before lunch. after 在……之后 He called me after the meeting.
4.方式和手段介词
表示做某事的方式或工具。
介词 含义 例句 by 通过…… We traveled by car. with 用…… She wrote with a pen. in 以……方式 He spoke in a loud voice. on 通过……（通信方式） She talked to him on the phone.
5.原因、目的和伴随关系介词
表示原因、目的或与某人/某物在一起。
介词 含义 例句 because of 因为…… The match was canceled because of the rain. due to 由于…… The flight was delayed due to bad weather. for 为了…… This gift is for you. with 与……一起 She came with her friend.
介词与其他词类的区别
介词 vs. 副词
介词后面通常接名词/代词，而副词则独立存在。 例：He went out of the room. (介词短语) 例：He went out quickly. (副词)
介词 vs. 连词
介词后接名词或代词，而连词连接两个句子。 例：I left because of the noise. (介词) 例：I left because it was too noisy. (连词)